Physics

Course Description:

This course covers the fundamentals of physics including oscillations, electromagnetic theory, and basics of quantum mechanics, band theory, semiconductors and universal logic gates and finally physics of manufacturing integrated circuits.

Course Objectives:

The main objective of this course is to provide knowledge in physics and apply this knowledge for computer science and information technology.

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Rotational Dynamics and Oscillatory Motion (5 Hrs.)

Moment of inertia and torque, Rotational kinetic energy, Conservation of angular momentum, Oscillation of spring: frequency, period, amplitude, phase angle and energy

Unit 2: Electric and Magnetic Field (5 Hrs.)

Electric and magnetic field and potential, Force on current carrying wire, magnetic dipole moment, Force on a moving charge, Hall effect, Electromagnetic waves

Unit 3: Fundamentals of Atomic Theory (8 Hrs.)

Blackbody radiation, Bohr atom, Spectrum of Hydrogen, Franck-Hertz experiment, de Broglie’s hypothesis and its experimental verification, Uncertainty principle and its origin, matter waves and the uncertainty principle, group velocity.

Unit 4: Methods of Quantum Mechanics (5 Hrs.)

Schrodinger theory of quantum mechanics and its application, Outline of the solution of Schrodinger equation for H-atom, space quantization and spin, Atomic wave functions

Unit 5: Fundamentals of Solid State Physics (6 Hrs.)

Crystal structure, Crystal bonding, Classical and quantum mechanical free electron model, Bloch theorem, Kronig-Penny model, Tight-binding approximation, conductors, insulators and semiconductors, effective mass and holes.

Unit 6: Semiconductor and Semiconductor devices (8 Hrs.)

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Electrical conductivity of semiconductors, Photoconductivity, Metal-metal junction: The contact potential, The semiconductor diode, Bipolar junction transistor (BJT), Field effect transistor (FET).

Unit 7: Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits (8 Hrs.)

Universal gates, RTL and TTL gates, Memory circuits, Clock circuits, Semiconductor purification: Zone refining, Single crystal growth, Processes of IC production, Electronic component fabrication on a chip.

Laboratory Works:

Students should able to perform at least one experiment from units 1, 2 and 5, 6, 7. The details of the experiment will be provided in the manual below.

Lab Manual

Students should perform at least 5 experiments (at least one from each groups) in a group of 2 students. They should submit report of the experiment individually. Students should write their lab report of each experiment in this format:

• Name of the Experiment:
• Apparatus Required:
• Theory/Working Formula
• Observation
• Calculation
• Result
• Error Analysis
• Discussion

The list the experiments are as follows:

1. Determine the moment of inertia and angular acceleration of a flywheel.

   OR

   Study Bar Pendulum and find moment of inertia and angular acceleration about various fix points.

   OR

   Study Torsional pendulum and find moment of inertia and angular acceleration.

2. Determine the capacitance of a capacitor by ac bridge (de-Sauty’s method).

   OR

   Study the characteristics of Zener diode its use as voltage regulation

   OR

   Design and study the parallel LCR circuits for finding the quality factor of the elements.

3. Study the temperature dependence of resistance of a given semiconductor.

   OR

   Study and determine the band gap in metals and semiconductors using appropriate method.

4. Study the drain and transfer characteristics of junction field effect transistor (JFET).

   OR

   Study RS-Flip-flop using breadboard.

5. Design and Study the LOGIC Gates: NOT, AND, OR, NOR & NAND Using TTL. Also Study the Power Loss in NOT Gate.

   OR

   Study NAND/NOR gates as Universal logic gates.

Evaluation:

The duration of practical examination will be 3 hours. Students should perform one experiment, took own observational data, calculate the result and interpret it using suitable error analysis. The internal and external examiner (appointed by the Dean Office) will evaluate the performance in this format:

1. Experiment: 40%
2. Write-up: 30%
3. VIVA Examination: 30%

Text Books:

1. Garcia Narciso, Damask Arthur, Physics for Computer Science Students, Springer-Verlag

Reference Books:

1. Heliday David, Resnick Robert and Walker Gearl, Fundamentals of Physics, 9 th ed.,John-Wiley and Sons, Inc.
2. Francis W. Sears, Hugh D. Young, Roger Freedman, Mark Zemansky, University Physics, Volume 1 & 2, 14th ed., Pearson Publication
3. Knight Randall D., Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, 3rd ed.,Pearson Publication