Bsc Csit Nepal

Computer Networks

Course Description:

This course introduces concept of computer networking and discuss the different layers of networking model.

Course Objectives:

The main objective of this course is to introduce the understanding of the concept of computer networking with its layers, topologies, protocols & standards, IPv4/IPv6 addressing, Routing and Latest Networking Standards.

Course Contents

Unit 1: Introduction to Computer Network (6 Hrs.)

  • 1.1. Definitions, Uses, Benefits
  • 1.2. Overview of Network Topologies Mesh, Star, Tree, Bus
  • 1.3. Overview of Network Types LAN, PAN, CAN, MAN, WAN
  • 1.4. Networking Types P2P, Multipoint, Client/Server
  • 1.5. Overview of Protocols and Standards Protocols: Syntax, semantics, timing; Standards: De facto, De jure; Standards Organizations
  • 1.6. OSI Reference Model
  • 1.7. TCP/IP Model and its comparison with OSI
  • 1.8. Connectionless and Connection-Oriented Network Services Basic working Mechanism
  • 1.9. Internet, ISPs, Backbone Network Overview Basic concept of Internet and ISPs, Bus backbone, Star backbone, connecting remote LANs

Unit 2: Physical Layer and Network Media (4 Hrs.)

  • 2.1. Network Devices Repeater, Hub, Switch, Bridge, Router
  • 2.2. Different types of transmission medias Wired: twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic, Wireless: Radio waves, micro waves, infrared
  • 2.3. Ethernet Cable Standards UTP, Fiber cable standards
  • 2.4. Circuit, Message & Packet Switching
  • 2.5. ISDN Interface and Standards
  • 3.1. Function of Data Link Layer (DLL)
  • 3.2. Overview of Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC)
  • 3.3. Framing and Flow Control Mechanisms Stop-and-wait ARQ, Piggybacking, Go-Back-N ARQ, Selective Repeat ARQ
  • 3.4. Error Detection and Correction techniques Parity checks, Cheksumming Methods, CRC, Hamming code
  • 3.5. Channel Allocation Techniques ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, CSMA, CSMACD,CSMA/CA
  • 3.6. Ethernet Standards 802.3 CSMA/CD, 802.4 Token Bus, 802.5 Token Ring
  • 3.7. Wireless LAN Spread Spectrum, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi
  • 3.8. Overview Virtual Circuit Switching, Frame Relay & ATM
  • 3.9. DLL Protocol HDLC, PPP

Unit 4: Network Layer (10 Hrs.)

  • 4.1. Introduction and Functions
  • 4.2. IPv4 Addressing
  • 4.3. Class-full and Classless Addressing
  • 4.4. IPv4 Sub-netting/ Super-netting
  • 4.5. IPv6 Addressing and its Features
  • 4.6. IPv4 and IPv6 Datagram Formats
  • 4.7. Comparison of IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing
  • 4.8. NATing
  • 4.9. Example Addresses Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast
  • 4.10. Routing
    • 4.10.1. Introduction and Definition
    • 4.10.2. Types of Routing
      • Static vs Dynamic, Unicast vs Multicast, Link
      • State vs Distance Vector, Interior vs Exterior
    • 4.10.3. Path Computation Algorithms
      • Bellman Ford, Dijkstra’s
    • 4.10.4. Routing Protocols
      • RIP, OSPF & BGP
  • 4.11. Overview of IPv4 to IPv6 Transition Mechanisms
  • 4.12. Overview of ICMP/ICMPv6
  • 4.13. Overview of Network Traffic Analysis
  • 4.14. Security Concepts
    • Firewall & Router Access Control

Unit 5: Transport Layer (6 Hrs.)

  • 5.1. Introduction, Functions and Services
  • 5.2. Transport Protocols TCP, UDP and Their Comparisons
  • 5.3. Connection Oriented and Connectionless Services
  • 5.4. Congestion Control Open Loop & Closed Loop, TCP Congestion Control
  • 5.5. Traffic Shaping Algorithms
  • 5.6. Techniques to improve QOS Scheduling, traffic shaping, resource reservation, admission control
  • 5.7. Queuing Techniques for Scheduling
  • 5.8. Introduction to Ports and Sockets, Socket Programming Socket programming with UDP and TCP (e.g. client Server Application)

Unit 6: Application Layer (7 Hrs.)

  • 6.1. Introduction and Functions
  • 6.2. Web & HTTP Overview of HTTP, Non-Persistent and Persistent Connections, HTTP Message Format
  • 6.3. DNS and the Query Types Services provided by DNS, Overview of how DNS works, DNS records and messages
  • 6.4. File Transfer and Email Protocols FTP, SFTP, SMTP, IMAP, POP3
  • 6.5. Overview of Application Server Concepts Proxy, Web, Mail
  • 6.6. Network Management SNMP and Transport mapping

Unit 7: Multimedia & Future Networking (4 Hrs.)

  • 7.1. Overview Multimedia Streaming ProtocolsSCTP
  • 7.2. Overview of SDN and its Features, Data and Control Plane
  • 7.3. Overview of NFV
  • 7.4. Overview of NGN

Laboratory works:

  1. Understanding of Network equipment, wiring in details
  2. Practice on basic Networking commands (ifconfig/ipconfig, tcpdump, netstat, dnsip, hostname, route)
  3. Overview of IP Addressing and sub-netting, static ip setting on Linux/windows machine, testing
  4. Introduction to Packet Tracer, creating of a LAN and connectivity test in the LAN, creation of VLAN and VLAN trunking.
  5. Basic Router Configuration, Static Routing Implementation
  6. Implementation of Dynamic/interior/exterior routing (RIP, OSPF, BGP)
  7. Firewall Implementation, Router Access Control List (ACL)
  8. Packet capture and header analysis by wire-shark (TCP,UDP,IP)
  9. Basic concept of DNS, Web, FTP (shall use packet tracer, GNS3)

Text Books:

  1. Data Communications and Networking, 4th Edition, Behrouz A. Forouzan. McGraw-Hill
  2. Computer Networking; A Top Down Approach Featuring The Internet, 2nd Edition, Kurose James F., Ross W. Keith PEARSON EDUCATION ASIA